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  • The impact of quality of life and resilience on death anxiety: A comparative study among married and unmarried ambulance workers
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  • The impact of quality of life and resilience on death anxiety: A comparative study among married and unmarried ambulance workers

The impact of quality of life and resilience on death anxiety: A comparative study among married and unmarried ambulance workers

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Wajiha Arshad, Maria Tanvir, Maryam Javed, Saima Salman

First published March 15, 2026

Abstract

As frontline responders to medical emergencies, ambulance workers face constant exposure to lifethreatening
situations and high stress, underscoring the need to understand the factors affecting their psychological
well-being. This study examined the interplay between quality of life, resilience, and death anxiety among ambulance
workers, exploring how marital status influences these relationships. The study employed a cross-sectional correlational
research design. The quality of life, resilience, and death anxiety variables were assessed through the World Health
Organization-Quality of Life (WHO-QOL) BREF, Resilience Scale-Urdu (RS-14), and Death Anxiety Questionnaire-
Urdu (DAQ-U) respectively. The sample was collected through a purposive sampling technique and consisted of 276
participants aged 18-40. The findings of the study indicated that quality of life, resilience, and death anxiety have a strong
relationship with each other among ambulance personnel. Quality of life showed a positive correlation with resilience
while negatively correlating with death anxiety. Quality of life indicated no impact while resilience indicated a predictive
negative effect on death anxiety. Married ambulance workers scored comparatively higher on (physical, psychological,
and environmental domains) of quality of life, and resilience. Unmarried ambulance workers scored comparatively higher
on (social relationship) quality of life and death anxiety. There is a significant difference between the (environment) quality
of life, resilience, and death anxiety among married and unmarried ambulance personnel. The findings of the study
concluded that resilience and marital status play a significant role in death anxiety among ambulance personnel. Further
studies can investigate this relationship with other health-related and security professionals.

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Keywords:

Ambulance service

Death anxiety

Quality of life

Resilience

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Author Surname Author Initial. Title. Publication Title. Year Published;Volume number(Issue number):Pages Used. doi:DOI Number.


Arshad Wajiha . Tanvir Maria . Javed Maryam . Salman Saima . The impact of quality of life and resilience on death anxiety: A comparative study among married and unmarried ambulance workers. BPA Applied Psychology Bulletin. 2026;15.
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