Work and play: Validation of the Italian version of the Playful Work Design Questionnaire

Emanuela Caracuzzo, Antonino Callea, Flavio Urbini, Arnold B. Bakker

Accepted December 2, 2022

First published December 16, 2022

https://doi.org/10.26387/bpa.2022.00009

Abstract

Playful Work Design (PWD) refers to the process by which people create proactive conditions within
their work activities, without changing the nature of their work. Based on the theory of the duality of play and proactivity theory, Scharp and colleagues (in press) validated a 12-item instrument, the PWD Questionnaire (PWD-Q), that included the dimensions of Designing fun and Designing competition. In the present study, we aimed to validate the Italian version of the PWD-Q. Exploratory factor analysis, divergent validity between PWD and job crafting dimensions, and reliability analyses were conducted with data from 253 Italian employees. The results supported the two-factor structure of the PWD-Q and showed good reliabilities, in line with the original validation. The confirmatory factor analysis empirically supported the distinction between PWD and job crafting. Overall, the results showed that the PWD-Q is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to measure Designing fun and Designing competition in the Italian context.

References

  • BAKKER, A.B. & DEMEROUTI, E. (2014). Job demands-resourcestheory. In P.Y. Chen & C.L. Cooper, Work and wellbeing: Acomplete reference guide. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.

  • BAKKER, A.B., HETLAND, J., OLSEN, O.K., ESPEVIK, R. & DEVRIES, J.D. (2020) Job crafting and playful work design: Linkswith performance during busy and quiet days. Journal of VocationBehavior, 122, 1-13.

    doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103478
  • BAKKER, A.B., SCHARP, Y.S., BREEVAART, K. & DE VRIES, D.(2020). Playful work design: Introduction of a new concept.The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 23 (19), 1-6.

    doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2020.20
  • BAKKER, A.B. & VAN WOERKOM, M. (2017). Flow at work: A self-determination perspective. Occupational Health Science, 1, 47-65.

    doi.org/10.1007/s41542-017-0003-3
  • BARNETT, M.L. (2007). Stakeholder influence capacity and thevariability of financial returns to corporate social responsibility.Academy of Management Review, 32 (3), 794-816.

    doi.org/20159336
  • CALLEA, A., CARACUZZO, E., COSTANZI, M. & URBINI, F.(2022). Promoting flow at work through proactive personality:A sequential mediation model with evidence from Italianemployees. Sustainability, 14 (5), 1-14.

    doi.org/10.3390/su14052477
  • CENCIOTTI, R., BORGOGNI, L., CALLEA, A., COLOMBO, L.,CORTESE, C.G., INGUSCI, E., MIRAGLIA, M. & ZITO, M.(2016). The Italian version of the job crafting scale (JCS). AppliedPsychology Bulletin, 64, 28-36.

  • CRANT, J.M. (2000). Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal ofManagement, 26, 435-462.

    doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600304
  • CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety:Experiencing flow in work and play. Jossey-Bass.

  • DEMEROUTI,E.,BAKKER,A.B.,NACHREINER,F.&SCHAUFELI,W.B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout.Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 499-512.

  • FRACCAROLI, F. & BALDUCCI, C. (2011). Stress e rischi psicosocialinelle organizzazioni. Valutare e controllare i fattori dello stresslavorativo. Bologna: Il Mulino.

    doi.org/10.978.8815/304407
  • GUDMUNDSSON, E. (2009). Guidelines for translating andadapting psychological instruments. Nordic Psychology, 61 (2),29-45.

    doi.org/10.1027/1901-2276.61.2.29
  • HU, L.T. & BENTLER, P.M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indexesin covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versusnew alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.

    doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • HUIZINGA, J. (1949). Homo ludens: A study of the play-element inculture. Routledge & Kegan Paul.MAZZETTI,G.,ROBLEDO,E.,VIGNOLI,M.,TOPA,G.,GUGLIELMI,D. & SCHAUFELI, W.B. (in press). Work engagement: A meta-analysis using the job demands-resources model. PsychologicalReport.

    doi.org/10.1177/00332941211051988
  • PARKER, S.K., WILLIAMS, H.M. & TURNER, N. (2006). Modelingthe antecedents of proactive behavior at work. Journal AppliedPsychology, 91, 636-652.

  • PETELCZYC, C.A., CAPEZIO, A., WANG, L., RESTUBOG, S.L.D.& AQUINO, K. (2018). Play at work: An integrative review andagenda for future research. Journal of Management, 44, 161-190. doi.org/10.1177/0149206317731519SCHARP, Y.S., BAKKER, A.B., BREEVAART, K., KRUUP,K. & UUSBERG, A. (in press). Playful work design:Conceptualization, measurement, and validity. Human Relations.

    doi.org/10.1177/00187267211070996
  • SCHARP, Y.S., BREEVAART, K. & BAKKER, A.B. (2021). Usingplayful work design to deal with hindrance job demands:A quantitative diary study. Journal of Occupational HealthPsychology, 26, 175-188. 10.1037/ocp0000277

  • SCHARP, Y.S., BREEVAART, K., BAKKER, A.B. & VAN DERLINDEN, D. (2019). Daily playful work design: A trait activationperspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 82, 103850.

    doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103850
  • SUN, J., LI, W.D., LI, Y., LIDEN, R.C., LI, S. & ZHANG, X. (2021).Unintended consequences of being proactive? Linking proactivepersonality to coworker envy, helping, and undermining, andthe moderating role of prosocial motivation. Journal AppliedPsychology, 106 (2), 250-267.

    doi.org/10.1037/apl0000494
  • TIMS, M., BAKKER, A.B. & DERKS, D. (2012). Development andvalidation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior,80 (1), 173-186.

    doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.05.009
  • TORNAU, K. & FRESE, M. (2013). Construct clean-up in proactivityresearch: A meta-analysis on the nomological net of work-relatedproactivity concepts and their incremental validities. AppliedPsychology: An International Review, 62 (1), 44-96.

    doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2012.00514.x
  • TURNER, N.E. (1998). The effect of common variance and structurepatternonrandomdataeigenvalues:Implicationsfortheaccuracyof parallel analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement,58 (4), 541-568.

    doi.org/10.1177/0013164498058004001
  • ZOU, G.Y. (2007). Toward using confidence intervals to comparecorrelations. Psychological Methods, 12 (4), 399-413.

    doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.12.4.399
SHOW ALL REFERENCES (23)HIDE REFERENCES

Related articles

Article info

Issue:

Keywords:

Views:

2303

Downloads:

94

Cite the article:

Author Surname Author Initial. Title. Publication Title. Year Published;Volume number(Issue number):Pages Used. doi:DOI Number.


Caracuzzo Emanuela . Callea Antonino . Urbini Flavio . Bakker Arnold B. . Work and play: Validation of the Italian version of the Playful Work Design Questionnaire. BPA Applied Psychology Bulletin. 2022;295(1):53-62. doi:10.26387/bpa.295.1.

Citation tool

How to cite this article

Author Surname Author Initial. Title. Publication Title. Year Published;Volume number(Issue number):Pages Used. doi:DOI Number.


Caracuzzo Emanuela . Callea Antonino . Urbini Flavio . Bakker Arnold B. . Work and play: Validation of the Italian version of the Playful Work Design Questionnaire. BPA Applied Psychology Bulletin. 2022;295(1):53-62. doi:10.26387/bpa.295.1.